The life and work of Charlotte Galloway

 © 2025, Christian Cassidy

I have been working on a history of Howell Court at 661 Broadway and during my research came across a remarkable woman who lent her organisational abilities and fundraising skills to many prominent charities of her day. Her name has been forgotten to history and I didn't want her to get lost in a long post about the history of a building.

Here is more about Charlotte Elsie Galloway and her time in Winnipeg.

Bylaws of Toronto Orthopedic Hospital, ca. 1898

Charlotte Elsie Sanderson was born in Toronto in 1866 and grew up in Orillia Ontario where her father, Dr. G. W. Sanderson, practiced medicine. On August 29, 1898, she married  Dr. Herbert P. H. Galloway, an orthopedic surgeon in Toronto.

The same year as their marriage, the Toronto Orthopedic Hospital was established at 12 Bloor Street East. It was said to be the first hospital in Canada "devoted exclusively to the treatment of the lame, crippled and deformed".

Dr. Galloway was one of two full-time associates at the new clinic, a converted house, and he and Charlotte moved into the adjoining residence at 14 Bloor Street East. Charlotte was a founding member of the hospital's ladies auxiliary.

During their time on Bloor Street, the Galloways had three children: a son who died in infancy and daughters Muriel, born in 1897, and Ivadele, born in 1898.

661 Broadway in 2025

The couple moved to Winnipeg in 1905 so that Dr. Galloway could become the orthopedic surgeon for the Winnipeg General Hospital and the founding chairman of the Manitoba Medical College's department of orthopedics. 

The family initially settled at 187 Balmoral Street and in 1907, rented the former A. E. Ham residence at 661 Broadway that they would go on to purchase in 1913. 

The living arrangements were similar to Bloor Street with the house being both a family home and medical clinic. It was initially known as the Galloway Clinic and after a couple of extensions it became the Galloway - Gibson Clinic and eventually the Winnipeg Orthopedic Clinic. A separate building on Furby Street was the clinic's private hospital.

By 1918, the clinic had grown large enough that the family moved to 638 Wellington Crescent. 

1911 Census of Canada, Library and Archives Canada

The 1911 and 1916 census records show that the Galloways had two live-in servants at the house and, as the girls grew older, Mrs. Galloway had more time to dedicate to important charitable causes. 

A Winnipeg Tribune article noted that: "Mrs. Galloway, since coming to Winnipeg, has been identified with the most progressive philanthropic movements of her city."

January 30, 1922, Winnipeg Tribune

One prominent organisation that Mrs. Galloway dedicated herself to was the Anti-Tuberculosis Society. She sat on its executive for many years and served as president for six of them (ca. 1918 - 1923).

The organization was formed in 1908 to help establish and fund the provincial sanatorium at Ninette. After its construction in 1909, the society concerned itself with funding auxiliary items for patients, such as equipment and clothing.

One project Mrs. Galloway pushed for was the introduction of milk goats to the sanatorium. Goats took up less space than cows and would ensure the institution had a regular supply of nutritious milk. To prove that goats were well behaved and could be easily kept, she took two of them with her to the cottage in the summer of 1922 to look after.

In November 1922, the board agreed with her motion and goats were bought or the sanatorium.

April 30, 1914, Winnipeg Tribune

 
Mrs. Galloway served for seven years as secretary and two years as president (1914-16) of the local chapter of the Council of Women. The formidable organisation, which had about 8,000 members at the time, was involved in the establishment of the Winnipeg Children's Hospital, kindergarten programs and playgrounds.

During Mrs.Galloway's time as president, the Council had many activities on the go.

A Bureau of Work for Women was established from September 1913 to February 1914 that matched up 700 women with employers. An advisory censorship committee was created to advise existing censors on the suitability of films as being "family-friendly". A fur drive collected old pelts and coats that were shipped to Italy, where women used them to create jacket linings for Italian troops fighting in the Alps.

There was also the 5,000 name petition submitted to the federal justice minister seeking to exonerate Jennie Hawkes. The Alberta woman shot to death a woman she believed was having an affair with her husband and was sentenced to hang in November 1915. The council argued that a man in the same situation would likely not face any punishment.

In the end, Jennie's sentence was commuted to ten years in prison, which was disappointing for the group, but they did help save her life.

May 11, 1912, Winnipeg Tribune

Another group that Mrs. Galloway sat on the executive of and did extensive fundraising for was the Deaconess' Aid Society, a charity of the Methodist Church.

The society ran a maternity home on George Street for unwed mothers and other girls in trouble. It provided room, board, education, social activities and job training in the hopes that the women could lift themselves from poverty and not fall victim to prostitution.

January 15, 1917, Winnipeg Tribune

There were dozens of other organisations that Mrs. Galloway lent her organisational skills and fundraising abilities to, such as the Earl Kitchener Guild of the Children's Hospital and the Mothers' Association, which provided assistance for needy mothers and funded nursery programs, 

During the war, she was a member of the 203rd Battalion "Silver Lining" auxiliary that sewed and collected clothing and other items for members of the Winnipeg Rifles serving overseas and in POW camps.

Mrs. Galloway was honourary president of the Girls' Auxiliary of the Children's Hospital, a charter member of the Women's Canadian Club, and heavily involved with Broadway Methodist church. She once appeared before a civic committee advocating for the pasteurization of all milk sold in stores, and in June 1923 let her name appear in newspaper ads encouraging women to vote "no" in the upcoming referendum to end prohibition.

One newspaper article noted that "One of the chief interests of Mrs. Galloway was welcoming strangers to Canada. and Winnipeg in particular. She took particular delight in visiting them in their own homes and serving them in unobtrusive ways".

January 31, 1923, Winnipeg Tribune

The years 1922 and 1923 were ones of great change for the Galloways.

According to the Winnipeg Tribune, Mrs. Galloway had a stay in General Hospital in March 1922 but was soon "making a rapid recovery at her Wellington Crescent home."

In April 1922, the couple traded their house on Wellington Crescent with that of J. L. Bathgate, of the Scott Bathgate Company, at 34 Carlton Street. This was a smaller house with a much smaller property and signified he semi-retirement of Dr. Galloway and the declining health of Mrs. Galloway.

At the Anti Tuberculosis Society's January 1923 annual meeting, Mrs. Galloway announced that she was stepping down as president of the organisation after six years. In April, she stepped away from the executive of the Council of Women.

Mrs. Galloway, along with her husband and daughter Muriel, went on a tour to southern California and Hawaii in February 1923 and returned in early April.

The final official act of Mrs. Galloway appears to have been her attendance at a meeting of the Council of Women in late April 1923 to discuss "the liquor question". She did not speak but had a seat at the head table as past president.

July 9, 1923, Winnipeg Tribune

Charlotte Galloway died at the family home on Carlton Street on Sunday, July 8, 1923 at the age of 56.

A small funeral was held at the home two days later presided over by Reverend L. F. Dimmitt, pastor of Broadway Methodist Church, and a memorial service in her honour was held at the church the following week.

Galloway is buried in Elmwood Cemetery.

West End Builders: Loftur Jorundson

  © 2025, Christian Cassidy

L. Jorundson, July 3, 1910, Winnipeg Free Press

I have come across many Icelandic immigrants who got into the local building trade, such as Vopni, Clemens, and Oddson after arriving in Manitoba. Whilst looking into the history of a house history on McGee Street, I came across carpenter Loftur Jorundson who certainly left his mark on the West End during its formative years.

Researching Jorundson was a bit of a challenge because of his name. Icelandic names are notoriously misspelled in English language sources like street directories, newspaper articles and even census records. For instance, his last name is spelled four different ways in street directories from 1895 to 1901. Icelandic sources use Loptur Jorundsson.

Here is what I could find about Loftur Jorundson:

1916 census shows the Jorundsons, minus Eirikur, on McGee Street with two lodgers.
(Library and Archives Canada)

Coming to Canada

Loftur Jorundson was born in 1861 at Hrisey, Iceland and came to Canada in 1888, likely first settling in the Lundar area. He married fellow Icelander Jónína Eiriksdottir in 1889 and they went on to have five sons: Eiríkur (b. ca. 1891); Sigtryggur (b. ca 1893); Jorundur (b. ca. 1895); Ingigunnar (b  ca. 1898); Thorhallur  (b. ca 1901); and Jens-Júlíus (b. ca. 1911).

Census records indicate that both Loftur and Jónína came to Canada ca. 1888, so they married quite soon after arriving. According to this community history, Jónína came to the Lundar region with her parents and siblings. It is unclear if the two knew each other in Iceland, met on the passage, or had a very quick courtship in Canada.

C. E. Steele's 1894 Birds Eye View of Winnipeg shows a sparsely populated West End. The streets would not be laid out formally like this for several years. Blue star is Portage, green star is Maryland, yellow star is McGee, purple star is Ellice.
(Full map at Manitoba Historical maps on Flickr) 

Coming to the West End

The earliest sign I can find of the Jorundsons in Winnipeg comes in the 1895 street directory, the data for which would have been compiled in 1894. Loftur is listed as a carpenter living at 625 Ness Avenue. By 1897, the growing family had relocated to Simcoe Street.

At the time, the West End beyond Maryland Street would not have been formally subdivided by the city into proper streets, sidewalks, and boulevards. Streets like Simcoe would have been little more than country lanes serving the pasture land, dairy operations, and horse stables that operated in the area.

When the family first arrived on Simcoe, it contained ten houses on it from Portage Avenue to Notre Dame, none with street addresses. By the time they got a street address in 1903, the Jorundsons were at number 372 (now demolished), and there were just 15 houses on the street. 

The Jorundson family moved to 339 McGee Street in 1904, a house that Jorundson built himself. In 1907, he built another at 351 McGee and this became the family home for years to come.

May 6, 1908, Winnipeg Tribune

Jorundson the Builder

Not long after arriving in the West End, Loftur Jorundson took his carpentry skills up a level and became a commercial home builder.

Between 1902 and 1906, he received at least 14 building permits in his name for houses on West End streets such as Toronto, Victor, Sherbrook, and Furby. Five of them were for houses on Jane / McGee Street between Livinia Street (now St. Matthews Avenue) and Portage. (it may have been more permits but due to the spelling of the last name might not appear.)

The home building permits end in 1906 for a time. Jorundson may have worked as a subcontractor for a developer of larger structures as he returns to building in 1908 with several much more ambitious building permits to his name.

Quo Vidis Apartments ca. 1976 (City of Winnipeg)

Jorundson's largest project was likely the 29-unit Quo Vadis Apartments on Qu’Appelle Avenue at Kennedy, just off Central Park. He took out the $56,000 building permit for the block which, was designed by architect David W Bellhouse, in May 1908. The three-storey plus full basement building measured 50 x 120 feet and was built of red brick with concrete trim.

This building was a bit of trailblazer as it was amongst the first wave of middle-class apartments built in the city. Prior to this, apartments were for the most part considered tenements, a place where poor people lived packed together to save on costs.

It was thanks to large group of Icelandic builders, developers, and architects, such as Paul Clemens and Thorstein Oddson, that the "three-storey walk-up" became respectable places to live and they built hundreds of them around the city. The Warwick Block, located a block from the Quo Vadis and constructed the following year, is often considered the first upscale apartment block in the city featuring balconies, fireplaces, a glassed-in courtyard, ad servants' entrances.

Google Street View

In 1909, came the five-unit terraced housing block on St. Matthews Avenue at Simcoe that Jorundson both designed and built using day labour. It stood until around 1980 and is now the Simcoe Street Tot Lot.

Diana Court ca. 2019

In  June 1911, Jorundson teamed up with fellow Icelander and architect Paul M Clemens for the 21-suite Diana Court apartments on Furby Street. The building was renovated in 2013 and 2015, but shut down in 2018 and again in 2024 by city inspectors for health reasons.

It is likely the only substantial Jorundson building that is still standing.

March 1, 1913, Winnipeg Free Press

Another permit was granted in September 1912 for an apartment on Maryland Street between Ellice and Sargent which he also designed. This was most likely the three-storey, ten-suite Loma Linda Apartments at number 516. It was just 25 feet wide by 100 feet long to fit onto a residential lot. 

"For rent" ads for the block end in 1977 and in 1980 there was mortgage sale of a lot of two apartment blocks - the Queens at 516 Maryland and the Loma Linda at 514. The Queens still stands but the Loma Linda or its address does not appear in "for rent" ads again and was presumably demolished soon after the sale.

The last building permits issued to Jorundson were for two dwellings on Fleet Street between Lilac and Aynsley in 1913, a departure from his West End stomping grounds. I also found a newspaper mention of him owning four houses on Vernon Road in St. James in the 19-teens.

After this point, mentions of Jorundson and budling permits end. As noted below, he could have gone to work for one of his sons, become a subtractor, decided to get out of the construction business and become a landlord as he appears to have owned and rented out several of the properties he constructed.

Attestation papers of John Jorundson, Library and Archives Canada

Wartime

The First World War would have been a stressful time for the family as their three eldest would have been old enough to volunteer. None of them did.

Newspaper records show that a “J. Jorundson” of 351 McGee Street applied for an exemption from the draft. It didn’t work as 24-year-old John (Jerundar), a carpenter like his father, was drafted and assigned to the #10 Engineers Depot.

It appears that John served his time in Canada and was dismissed in March 1919 as being “medically unfit” for service. He suffered from ongoing bouts of abdominal pain and injured his wrist whilst winding equipment which required him to wear a splint. (By 1919, the war was over so the bar for getting a medical discharge from service was much lower than it would have been a couple of years earlier!)

You can read John’s full war record here.

Another son, Sigtrigur, was drafted in June 1918 towards the end of the war. He was discharged weeks later after his medical examination found him unfit for service. He got his hand caught in a planing machine in 1912 (perhaps working with his father?) that left him with “impaired function of his right hand”.

You can read Sigtrigur Jorundson’s war record here.

Post War

1918 classified ad, WInnipeg Free Press

The Jorundson family stayed at 351 McGee until around 1918. They then disappear from street directories for a while, perhaps returning to the Lundar area or an extended vacation?

A classified ad that same year shows that son Eiríkur set up E. Jorundson and Co. carpenters and builders at a house the family rented a few doors down at 339 McGee Street, a house that Loftur Jorundson built in 1904 and presumably still owned. 

Loftur and Jonina reappear in street directories at 444 Maryland Street in 1920 and eventually returned to 351 McGee Street for a year.

Several members of the family then reunited at the Quo Vadis apartments in 1922 where Loftus is listed as the caretaker.

March 12, 1942, Hemskringla

 
By 1934, Loftur and Jonina moved to 555 Whytewold Road. Their son Julius moved into 583 Whytewold. These properties were likely semi-rural with large lots attached to them as the as neither of them exist today. The area became a suburban residential development in 1957.

Jonina Gorun Jorundson died at the family home in 1941 at the age of 75.

Loftur remarried Jóna Gíslason in 1944 at the age of 83! He died on March 5, 1952 at the age of 

Heimskringla, March 12, 1952

 Loftur Jorundson kept a fairly low profile. His name is mentioned in passing in newspapers but he was never quoted or interviewed, even in the Icelandic press.

Some of those passing mentions show that he was a trustee of the Icelandic Lutheran Tabernacle at Sargent and Furby in 1905 and 1906. He was on the board of the 21st annual Icelandic celebration at Elm Park in 1910. In 1911, he was fined $5 by the city for not cleaning up the horse manure at 339 McGee Street.

Google translation (Icelandic to English) of Heimskringla obituary:

Loftur Jorundsson died Wednesday, March 5, at the age of 90, at Princess Elizabeth Hospital. He was a native of Hrísey, Iceland, and was the son of Jörundur Jónsson and his wife Svanhyld.

He was born June 16, 1861. He moved to the West in 1888 and lived in Winnipeg most of the time since then, mainly engaged in house building. He was married twice. His first wife was Jónína Magnússon. They were married in 1889. She died in August1941.

Their children were 6 boys. Four of them are living. They are: Sigtryggur; Ingigunnar; Thorhallur and Júlíus. Those who are deceased are Eiríkur and Jorundur. Loft's second wife was Jóna Gíslason. They were married on January 1, 1944. She survives him and currently lives with her daughter Mrs. Gisel on Beresford St.

The funeral took place Saturday, March 8 from the Mordue Bros. funeral home on Broadway. Rev. Philip M. Pétursson officiated. Burial was in Brookside Cemetery.

Related:
351 McGee Street Winnipeg Places

Back to school a century ago

 

September 1, 1925, Winnipeg Tribune

This photograph appeared on the front page of the Winnipeg Tribune on September 1, 1925 as 37,024 children returned to school at Winnipeg's public school system. These boys were off to Carlton School on Carlton Street, where the True North Square is today. It operated from 1881 to 1929.

Valentine & Sons' Publishing Co., Ltd. from R. McInnes Postcard Collection

In the heydey of downtown's time as a residential neighbourhood there were two public elementary  schools that served as many as 600 students. The other, Alexandra School, operated from 1903 to 1969 and was located where the Convention Centre is now. 

Victor Josselyn, WInnipeg's Dance Hall King

 © 2025, Christian Cassidy

While researching the history of 225 Fort Street, (read that story here), I came across Victor Josselyn, who played an important role in that building's early years as a dance hall. It turns out he was an investor and manager of several of Winnipeg's early dance venues, such as The Coliseum (1912 -  1917), the Alhambra (1917 - 1926), the Jubilee (1923), and Paradise Gardens (1931 -  ca. 1938).

Joselyn played an important part in the city's early entertainment history but not being connected to a theatre, he has been forgotten about over time. He was known as a charitable man, having hosted dozens of charitable events at his venues, especially during the First World War. 

Unlike some entertainment promoters, Josselyn kept a very low profile. He was rarely quoted in the papers about his venues or other activities and was never interviewed about his personal life.

Here's my attempt to find out more about his life and work.

Victor Eugene Josselyn was born in San Francisco and came to Canada around 1900 when he was in his early 20s. He does not appear in local street directories until the year The Coliseum opened in 1912, so he may have been wooed here by the partners in the Colosseum Amusement Company to be an investor and to manage the venue.

Though he was most associated with the dance halls, like most entertainment men he had other investments as well. For instance, he was the manager (and likely a part owner) of the Royal Albert Hotel circa 1920. His widow, Adelaine Josselyn, said in a 1976 interview that she first met Victor in 1926 when she was hired as a pianist at the Strand Theatre and he was a partner.

Josselyn managed The Coliseum until its closure in 1917. The ownership group changed and the hall reopened that fall as the Alhambra dance hall, later to be renamed Alhambra Dance Gardens.

During the Alhambra years, Josselyn also managed the Jubilee Dance Pavilion, a summer-only venue, in 1923. He may have been a part owner as the venue was around from 1919 to 1929.

In the late years of the Alhambra, sporting events took equal billing to the dances and Josselyn gained a good reputation as a wrestling and boxing promoter.

When the Alhambra property was sold to Diamond Taxi in 1926, Josselyn didn't continue with entertainment or sports. One newspaper article said he had relocated to England for a while, (the family that owned the building was the Goodmans of England.)

Josselyn reappears in local street directories in 1928, living at 35 Edmonton Street with no occupation listed. In 1930, he was noted as being "retired".

There was one more venture for Josselyn.

In 1931, he spent $75,000 to create  Paradise Gardens located on a 20-acre site just north of Kildonan Park. It contained a dance pavillon that could hold 3,000, a dining facility, and a 300-car parking lot. Over the first summer, lawn bowling, tennis courts, mini-golf, a shooting gallery, boat dock, market garden, swimming pool, and picnic area were added. 

The venue opened on May 24, 1931 with dancing each night until 2 a.m.. In true Josselyn style, he opted not to have an official opening ceremony for the park, telling a reporter that he preferred to let Winnipeggers see for themselves and decide if the park is worth it.

Paradise Gardens, which was billed as an amusement park, advertised regularly for the first couple of years. In October 1932 a classified ad read that due to poor health, contractors were being sought to run many of the activities and concessions. In October 1938, another classified ad appeared stating that due to poor health, the whole park was for sale.

Victor Josselyn died after a long illness at his home on Dunkirk Drive in July 1954 at the age of 74. 

The early development of the Fisher Park area of Riverview

 © 2025, Christian Cassidy

Thanks to my day job, I've had the chance to attend some events hosted by the Friends of Fisher Park.  At one of these events I was asked to give a 15-minute talk about the history of the park. I found way more information than I could use and instead of closing the windows and losing it all, I thought I would put it in a blog post!

Here's a look back at the early development of the Riverview neighbourhood with particular attention to the Fisher Park area.

October 28, 1903, Winnipeg Tribune

The Riverview Realty Company was formed in May 1903 after it had purchased several properties totalling 236 acres north of River Park between Osborne Street and the Red River for around $75,000. Its office was in the Bank of Hamilton building.

The company's founding president was Thorval Slagsvol. Originally from Norway, he emigrated to the U.S. in 1871 and made his fortune in the lumber business. He lived in Eau Claire, Wisconsin but had several real estate interests in Western Canada and was a major investor in the Winnipeg Fire Insurance Company.

The company's vice-president was Herbert H. Beck and its secretary-treasurer and office manager was Charles M. Simpson. Other board members were businessmen such as W. R. Dingwall, Isaac Pitblado, and Martin McKittrick. Soon, influential architect Victor Harwood would become associated with the subdivision and in 1906 built himself a house on Florence Avenue (Baltimore Road.)

December 19, 1903, Winnipeg Tribune

Riverview Realty rushed to survey its property into 950 lots and in September 1903 it put it on the market as a proposed residential subdivision called Riverview. 

The company was relying on the 50-foot lots, proximity to the river, and convenient streetcar access to sell the lots quickly, make its profit, and allow the partners to move on to their next investment opportunity. 

Its target market therefore was not individual wanna-be homeowners as it would take years or even decades to turn a plan of this size into real streets with serviced lots. Instead, it needed the buy-in from smaller real estate firms, land speculators, and home builders willing to buy blocks of lots and either flip them or sit on them until it was closer to construction time.

One of many companies reselling its block of Riverview lots
August 20, 1904, Winnipeg Tribune

A sign that lot sales likely went well in the early months is that the city began planning sewer works on some of the streets the following spring. Sewers signalled an important first step for a new subdivision as proper streets, sidewalks, and boulevards could not be built until they were in place.

At the April 1904 public works committee meeting, $45,000 was set aside to run a sewer on Florence Avenue (Baltimore Road) from Fisher Street to the Red River. (This sewer would be a trunk sewer responsible for draining the whole of Riverview east to Daly Street.) In April 1905, sewers were budgeted for Oakwood, Bartlett, Balfour, Ashland and Maple from Osborne to Fisher streets.

In September 1905, $14,685 was spent to build a 24-foot wide asphalt pavement on Florence Avenue (Baltimore Road) from Osborne to Fisher streets. Other roads and sidewalks followed over the next couple of years.

Slowly but surely, the infrastructure was falling into place for the new subdivision though it would still take a couple of decades for this part of the neighbourhood to fill up with homes. It is unclear why, but the heydey for home building, at least in the area that I was researching, seems to be the 1920s.

Here are a few points of interest that help tell the story of the neighbourhood's early development:

Pembina Park / Fisher Park:

Parks board inspection of park, August 1938
City of Winnipeg Archives

In 1903, Riverview Realty Co. donated 2.96 acres at Florence Avenue and Fisher Street and another 2.16 acres elsewhere in the community, (likely what is now the Arnold Street Tot Lot), to be converted into parks.

The fact that the company did not develop the land itself could mean that it was swampy, which made it unsuitable for home building and too expensive for Riverview to make into a park. Some of the city's other residential parks, like Central Park and Notre Dame Park, (now Jacob Penner Park), started off as land developers rejected. 

August 24, 1928 Winnipeg Tribune

The park has gone by various names over the years.

At the December 1909 parks board meeting, before work began to convert the land into a  park, the Winnipeg Tribune reported that "Park View will henceforth be known as 'Pembina Park', this name having been submitted by T. Wilson." That is the name the park was known by for many decades.

It was an unusual choice for a name as the parks board had a pretty strict policy of naming smaller parks for the street they were on, (Cornish Park, Notre Dame Park, Logan Park, etc.) and bigger parks for the district they were in, (St. John's Park, St. James Park,  Assiniboine Park, Kildonan Park, etc.)  At the time, the south end of Osborne Street was called Pembina Street, so it was close by but still an anomaly.

In a September 1946 Winnipeg Tribune column called "It used to run between farms – now we call it Baltimore Road” by Lillian Gibbons, she spoke to an area resident at the park who told her that it is was known as Fisher Park or Florence Park, but a schoolgirl came up to them to let them know that its official name was Pembina Park!

In 1992, an inquiry to the city by the Winnipeg Free Free Press' "Answers" columnist about a land-related question in Riverview it was noted that the park went by either Pembina Park or Fisher Park.

The city's 2019 Report on Parks and Open Space Assets lists this address as Fisher Park. When the name changed, or if it was ever officially renamed, is not clear.

April 24, 1905, WInnipeg Tribune

Work began on converting the land into a park space in June 1912 when the land was graded, seeded, and the outline for a unique circular sunken garden was dug. The garden feature was completed the following year.

Why a sunken circular garden? 

At a 1923 public parks board tour of the park for media and VIPs, a Winnipeg Tribune reporter noted: "The sunken garden at Pembina Park was perhaps the beauty spot of the whole trip and amazement was expressed when it was explained that the garden had been formed to save the filling in of an old sewer."  (The sewer was likely a drainage feature for surrounding land as there would not have been a sanitary sewer here before this development.)

The park was also fenced during this time with 1,550 linear feet of wrought iron fencing and gates. This was fairly common for residential parks at the time as Central Park, St. James Park (now Vimy Ridge), and Notre Dame Park (now Jacob Penner) all started out as fenced.

Fisher Street:

Fisher Park, September 7, 1946

Fisher Street is one of the original street names created by Riverview Realty. Usually, these names had some meaning to the principals of the company, such as a family member or place name from back in the old country. It could also be to thank someone who sold land to them.

I could find no direct connection between a Fisher and Riverview Realty. Of the dozens of Fishers in pre-Riverview era street directories, one person of interest is William M. Fisher, general manager of Canada Permanent and Western Canada Mortgage Company (renamed Canada Permanent Mortgage Company in 1903).

Fisher would have hung in the same circles as the Riverview principals and as head of a mortgage company may have owned or brokered a land deal related to the subdivision.

Hathaway's 1911 Guide and Map of Winnipeg (source)

Fisher Street is unusual in that it is divided down the middle by Fisher Park but that wasn't always the case. On the original Riverview Realty map and the 1911 Hathaway's Map of Winnipeg, Fisher Street was on the west side of the park and Park Place on the east.

At its February 1913 meeting, the city's public works committee proposed 71 street name changes. (This was something common back in the day when the city and its surrounding municipalities were growing quickly and the same or similar-sounding names were being used.) Two of the entries on that list were: "The portion of Fisher Street between Oakland and Ashland Avenues to be Park Place" and  "The portion of Fisher Avenue between Ashland and Clare Avenue to be Suttie Street."

The Park Place name change proposal was likely a typo and meant to read in reverse, from Park Place to Fisher Street, as Park Place appears in newspaper lists of civic improvements and street directories up to 1913. Until this point, there was one house on the block and the city likely wanted to get out ahead of potential confusion with Park Lane, Park Street, Park Boulevard, Park Dale, and Park Road within its boundaries and those of its surrounding municipalities. The name was changed to Fisher Street.

The Suttie Street name change did not happen. This would have been for James Malcolm Suttie, a well-known and respected war veteran who built a house on this part of Fisher Street in 1911.  He would soon go on to serve as a Lieutenant-Colonel during the First World War.

Source: City of Winnipeg Assessment Database

Normally in a new subdivision, parkside lots would be some of the earliest to be sold and built upon but that is not the case here.

Though each side of Fisher Street overlooking the park has at least one 1910 property, the majority of the east side houses were built in the late 1920s and on the west in the late 1930s or 1940s. This was decades after the park was built in 1912 - 13.

One explanation could be that the original residents may have owned or rented neighbouring lots for gardens, stables etc. and sold them off over a long period. (The two 1930s houses suggest someone needed cash soon after the Depression began.) It could also be that the speculator who bought the vacant lots had deep enough pockets to hold out and cash in when they had reached a maximum value in what was a relatively mature neighbourhood. 

Florence Avenue / Baltimore Road:

September 7, 1946, Winnipeg Tribune

Florence Avenue was the original street name supplied by the Riverview Realty Company and its origins are easier to find as both H. H. Beck and Charles M. Simpson were married to women named Florence! (Simpson married in 1903, so it might have been a wedding gift from his colleagues.)

Florence Avenue is at the heart of this section of Riverview as it was one of the first to get sewer and an asphalt road. This was likely thanks to the trunk sewer line as city crews would have needed access to its eastern end by the river.

The development of Florence Avenue
(Source: Henderson Street Directories)

Despite the early improvement to the street, it has a similar wide timeline in terms of home construction. A random selection of lots on the block nearest Osborne, which would likely be one of the first to develop due to its proximity to the streetcar line and other services, construction years range from 1907 to 1945.

Horwood Residence, 317 Florence Avenue
May 26, 1906, Winnipeg Tribune

At the April 1926 public improvements committee of city council, a petition was presented from some area residents requesting that the name of the street be changed as the post office and delivery men often confused it for Flora Avenue.

It was the city surveyor's office that recommended "Baltimore Road". It is unclear if this was suggested by residents or if it existed on a list that the surveyor kept for new names. Either way, the reason behind the name was not explained.

The Tribune reported that "Alderman Blumberg thought that 'road' was too pretentious and that it should at least be 'Baltimore Ave' to conform with other streets."  Despite his concern, the name change passed unanimously at the committee's May 25, 1926 meeting.

The Death of Peter Hutzel and others at the Manitoba Gypsum Company

© 2025, Christian Cassidy

June 5, 1925, Winnipeg Tribune

I write a monthly column in the Winnipeg Free Press Community Review and for story ideas I like to look back to the same date in newspapers from 100, 75, and 50 years ago to find anniversaries of significance that might be of interest.

On June 5, 1925 and for a couple of days afterward there were stories in both newspapers about a gentleman who had been killed in a horrific workplace accident at the Manitoba Gypsum Co. plant at Sargent Avenue at St. James Street. In the stories, his first name and the spelling of his last name change several times. He was thought to be “about 35”, and left a wife and three children with no mentions of their names or ages.

It wasn’t column material but I kept the screenshots of the clippings of his death and thought I would go back and piece together his brief time in Winnipeg with more factual information.

This won’t be a complete history as due to the last name issue I could find only one census record for the family, no vital statistics information, and a smattering of street directory listings. I will use the spelling of his last name from the 1921 census entry as my spelling of his name.

Before I get to the life and death of Peter Hutzel, I will provide a history of the company and wade through several prior deaths and serious injuries at the plant that were noted in brief news stories often with incorrect or inconsistent biographical information.

November 8, 1923, Winnipeg Tribune

The Manitoba Gypsum Company started operations in 1904 after it built a mine and small factory near Gypsumville, Manitoba. When the plant burned down in 1906, it was relocated to Sargent Street at St. James Avenue in Winnipeg and was expanded several times over the decades.

The company is credited with being the first in Canada to produce and sell wall plasterboard commercially. They also produced other items like plaster of Paris, wood fibre plaster, and stucco. (See their 1910 product catalogue here.)

Winnipeg was a major player in the national plaster industry by the First World War and Manitoba Gypsum employed 150 men at its plant and several more at its mine. By 1927, it manufactured seven to eight million feet of plasterboard per year.

August 8, 1910, Winnipeg Free Press

Kenneth McIvor (1910):  At around 4 p.m. on Saturday, August 6, 1919, Kenneth McIvor was oiling the bearings of a machine when the smock he was wearing got caught in its shaft and he was pulled in. By the time workers shut the machine down he was "badly mangled". One of his arms was severed from his body and both legs were broken. He was rushed to General Hospital but died five hours later. 

McIvor had only been working for Manitoba Gypsum for a couple of months. He lived in the family home at 1150 Strathcona Street with his widowed mother and sister. 

The initial news report of his death stated that he was 20 years of age but his mother contracted the Free Press to say that he was, in fact, a boy of just 15.

The coroner opted not to hold an inquest into the death, which seems unusual as coroner's inquests were much more common back then.

At a coroner's inquest, a citizen jury was selected and witnesses, such as eyewitnesses, police officers, medical professionals, factory managers etc., were called to testify. The jury would take these accounts and submitted material, such as photographs, autopsy reports, etc., deliberate, and make a verdict of death by accident, misadventure, or foul play and make recommendations they feel could have prevented it.

A jury could not do an investigations find blame, but an inquest was a chance to assemble all of the facts together in one place and put them on the record. In many cases, the inquest got more press coverage than the actual death and the resulting stories were usually much more accurate. 

George Davidson (1914): On December 12, 1914, foreman George Davidson was spared from a similar death. He was walking near the shaft that connected the crusher with its engine when his coat got caught in the machinery and was "whirled around once or twice". A quick thinking-employee shifted the machine into neutral.

Davidson was conscious but suffered a broken leg and arm. Doctors at the hospital could not find signs of internal injuries.

David Gellatly (1918): In March 1918, David Gellatly was adjusting a belt on a pulley using a steel bar when the belt grabbed the bar and it "whirled about striking him in the stomach.” He was rushed to General Hospital but died four days later from internal injuries. 

Gellatly came to Canada in 1909 with his Scottish wife Janet and their five sons and soon settled at 1448 Elgin Street. At the time of the accident, he was 48 and two of his sons were serving in the armed forces in England. He was listed in the street directory as an engineer at the plant. 

The coroner's inquest ruled the death as "accidental".

John McColl: In  May 1920 it was reported that a 17-year-old named "J. McGaw" sustained serious injuries after falling through the roof of the plant. The Tribune noted: "Plaster gave way and he fell through the roof.... He sustained serious injuries to the back and possibly internal injuries."  Beyond the initial four-sentence Winnipeg Tribune news brief, there were no follow-up stories about his injuries. 

The youth was, in fact, John McColl who lived at home with his widowed mother Elizabeth, five brothers, and one sister. If I found the right family in the 1916 census, he wsaa likely 16 at the time of the accident.

George Rich: On July 12, 1921 around the lunch hour, Rich was "caught in a machinery belt" and "flung against the beams of the building". He was rushed to hospital suffering from a head injury, a broken leg, and severe abrasions.

Neither daily paper reported directly about his death but did print brief stories about the outcome of the coroner's inquest a couple of days later. It was noted that there were no eyewitnesses to the accident so determining exactly what happened was impossible. His death was ruled an accident but the jury recommended that there be "closer supervision of men employed among machinery in the Manitoba Gypsum plant."

Little is known about Rich, (or Ricks as the Free Press called him), except that he lived at 1400 St. James Street which was Manitoba Gypsum company housing next to its gypsum mill further north of the plant.

An interesting side story is that a man named Harry Cline stole $23 from Rich just five days before he was killed. Rich reported it to the police and told them "I can ill afford the loss", which was around $400 in today's money. Cline was eventually caught, pleaded guilty to this and another theft, and was sentenced to six months in jail.

June 5, 1925, Winnipeg Tribune

Peter Hutzel (1925): At 7:30 a.m. on Friday, June 5, 1925, Hutzel went into a pit to oil a stuck bearing in a machine without first turning off the power. His smock got caught by a shaft that spun at a speed of 75 RPM. By the time employees shut down the machine, he had been wound tightly around the shaft and eyewitnesses believed he was already dead. The coroner determined that his death was from asphyxia due to strangulation.

At the coroner's inquest, photos of the scene taken by the chief inspector of the Bureau of Labour were shown. It was noted that Hutzel was the third fatal accident at the plant in recent years. The jury ruled the death as accidental.

The Hutzel inquest received more extensive press coverage than any of the previous deaths at the plant. The Tribune even published a photo of him. Could this be a sign of a growing intolerance for such senseless accidents?

1921 Census of Canada, Library and Archives Canada

Peter and Tonnie (sp?) Hutzel came to Canada from their native Poland in 1913. They had at least two children after arriving: Mary, born ca. 1916, and Annie, born ca. 1917. Newspaper stories from the time of Peter's death in 1925 said he had three children but I can’t confirm that with vital statistics or census records.

The first street directory mention of the Hutzel family in Winnipeg comes in 1920 residing at 1079 Alfred Avenue. Peter's occupation is listed as a labourer with no place of work indicated. In 1922, he is employed with the Manitoba Gypsum Company and was 44 years of age at the time of his death.

Mrs. Hutzel stayed at the Alfred Avenue house until 1927 and then her name disappears from Winnipeg's street directories. She also cannot be found in the 1930 census.

In the short term, she may have left the city to live with other family, (there were a large number of Hutzels in Dauphin and Athabasca, Alberta who may have been relatives of Peter.) By the time of the next census, she could have remarried to gain financial stability for herself and her children.

Nor-West Farmer, April 20, 1920

I could find not other reports of deaths at its plant after Hutzel's.

As for the company, Manitoba Gypsum Co. and a subsidiary it owned in B.C. were bought out in March 1928 for $3 million by Canada Gypsum and Alabastine Ltd.. William Armstrong, the company's founder and president, got a seat on the national company's board.

In 1959, what was then known as Gypsum, Lime, Alabastine Canada, sold out to Domtar Construction Materials Ltd. which also had a tar-based building materials plant in St. Boniface.

Domtar sold all of its Canadian gypsum-related business interests to Georgia Pacific Canada Ltd. in 1996.

Georgia-Pacific announced the closure of the Winnipeg gypsum plant, along with two others in the U.S., in 2001. The land at 1385-1405 Sargent was sold to Loblaw Companies and in March 1904 it was announced that the site would become home to a 150,000 square foot Real Canadian Superstore with a 38,000 mezzanine level fitness centre.

The store opened on November 12, 2004.

Related:

Gypsum in Canada Department of Mines, Ottawa, 1913 (start at page 77)

Gypsum in Manitoba Government of Manitoba, ca 1983
Gypsum in Manitoba Government of Manitoba, ca. 1983
"Empire" Gypsum Products Catalogue Manitoba Gypsum Company, 1910